Patient Care Technician (PCT) AAH Practice Exam

What does cardiac tamponade refer to?

1. A blockage in the coronary artery

2. An acute compression of the heart due to fluid accumulation

3. A type of myocardial infarction

4. A significant decrease in blood volume

The correct answer is: An acute compression of the heart due to fluid accumulation

Cardiac tamponade refers to an acute compression of the heart due to fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, which surrounds the heart. This condition occurs when fluid, which may be blood or another substance, builds up in the pericardial space, limiting the heart's ability to pump effectively. The excess fluid creates pressure on the heart, which can lead to decreased cardiac output and potentially life-threatening complications if not treated promptly. This accumulation can arise from various causes such as trauma, cancer, kidney failure, or infections, and it often requires immediate medical intervention. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade, such as hypotension, tachycardia, or jugular venous distension, is critical for patient care technicians and other healthcare providers. Understanding that this condition is primarily characterized by the pressure exerted on the heart by surrounding fluid helps highlight its serious impact on cardiovascular function.